F-Secure: Be Sure
Main
F-Secure Logo - Be Sure
Select local site


Privacy Policy
Contact Us

F-PROT Professional Update Bulletins

F-PROT Professional 2.19 Update Bulletin

CONTENTS BRIEFLY


--- Contents 4/95 --- Is the Increase of Viruses Slowing Down? --- Correction --- Viruses and Windows NT --- Viruses and Windows 95 --- The Global Virus Situation --- Buptboot --- Crazyboot --- Tai-Pan.438.B --- Vienna.Bua --- Zarm --- Byway --- News in Short --- Michelangelo.A on Driver Diskettes --- PKZIP-Trojans on the Move --- Common Questions and Answers --- Changes in F-PROT Professional version 2.19 --- Changes in F-PROT for DOS --- The following false alarms have been fixed: --- Minor Improvements and Changes --- Changes in F-PROT for Windows --- New Viruses Detected by F-PROT --- Voodoo -> HLL.Voodoo


F-Secure Ltd, Paivantaite 8, FIN-02210 ESPOO, Finland Tel. +358-0-478 444, Fax +358-0-478 44 599, E-mail: f-prot@datafellows.fi This material can be freely quoted in Europe, Africa and Asia when the source, F-PROT Professional Update Bulletin 2.19 is mentioned.

Copyright (c) 1995 F-Secure Ltd.



Contents 4/95


Is the Increase of Viruses Slowing Down? Correction Viruses and Windows NT Viruses and Windows 95 The Global Virus Situation Buptboot Crazyboot Tai-Pan.438.B Vienna.Bua Zarm Byway News in Short Michelangelo.A on Driver Diskettes PKZIP-Trojans on the Move Common Questions and Answers Changes in F-PROT Professional version 2.19

Is the Increase of Viruses Slowing Down?


For almost ten years, people have been predicting the imminent demise and disappearance of DOS. At the end of the eighties, OS/2 was supposed to replace DOS in two or three years, maximum. In the nineties, Windows inherited the DOS-killer mantle. Nowadays, the nomination has passed to Windows 95, Windows NT and OS/2 Warp. When estimating the life-span of DOS, one must consider the existing computer equipment and new sales separately. In the new sales department, DOS will undoubtedly lose ground quite rapidly. However, when it comes to existing equipment, it is unlikely that DOS will go anywhere in the next 5-10 years. Consider, for instance, that many companies are still using equipment and software obtained during the first half of the eighties, over ten years ago. To balance that, there are, of course, fields of business - and whole countries, for that matter - where getting the latest hardware is all the rage. The switch into new operating systems moves along many different channels. In Germany, OS/2 Warp has proved distinctly more popular than in the rest of Europe. In Japan, companies clearly favor Windows NT. At this point, it is hard to say anything about Windows 95 - Microsoft predicts that 20% of Windows users will switch to 95 during the first six months after the publication. People who write viruses do it on quite ordinary microcomputers. They buy their computers from the same shops as those users who walk the straight and narrow, and design their viruses to function under the same operating systems they themselves use. It is, therefore, easy to predict a rapid increase of non-DOS viruses in the future. At the moment, there are only a handful of Windows and OS/2 viruses. New operating systems make it possible to create viruses that function in completely novel ways. It is, therefore, fortunate that the new development environments and tools - not to mention the operating systems themselves - are so much more complex than their counterparts in DOS that the work of a virus writer becomes quite difficult. Because of this, it can be hoped that the increase in the number of new viruses will slow down as the new operating systems gradually take over the market. F-PROT Professional will keep up with the new operating systems. The Windows 95, Windows NT and OS/2 Warp versions of F-PROT Professional are currently undergoing their last tests, and working fine. They will become globally available inside the next couple of weeks.

Correction


In the F-PROT 2.18 Update Bulletin, we mistakenly told you about an F-PROT review published by the Slovenian version of the international Monitor Magazine. To set matters straight, we wish to clarify that Monitor Magazine is independent, not part of any international magazine having the same name. Furthermore, Monitor has not published a comparative review of different anti-virus products - the review in the April issue discussed only F-PROT Gatekeeper.

Viruses and Windows NT


Most of the DOS file viruses are able to function quite normally also under Windows NT. The viruses can load themselves into memory in DOS windows and infect the files the user has write rights to. The viruses cannot spread outside the DOS windows in which they have been started, so a user may have both clean and infected DOS windows open at the same time. Windows NT supports a multitude of various user levels and rights. These serve to curb file viruses' spreading quite efficiently, but in a normal environment it is impossible to prevent it altogether - a user usually has write rights to his or her home directory and to some shared directories. Windows NT prevents direct disk operations. This makes it impossible for multipartite viruses to infect hard disk boot sectors, and at the same time it prevents many multipartite viruses from operating at all. Current file viruses can be disinfected in Windows NT by opening a DOS windows and then removing them as in DOS. If a computer is booted from a diskette infected by a boot sector virus, the virus usually manages to infect either the hard disk's Main Boot Record or the boot sector of a disk partition. Some viruses which check the hard disk type - among them the Finnish_Sprayer virus - won't infect an NT disk at all. Most viruses, however, do not check the disk type before infecting it. In such cases, the differences between DOS and Windows NT usually lead to Windows NT crashing when the computer is booted from the infected hard disk. If this happens, the computer should be booted from a clean DOS boot diskette and disinfected from DOS - it is good idea to retain a clean DOS boot diskette even if the computer is mainly used with Windows NT. After the computer has booted, infections in the Main Boot Record can be removed normally either with F-PROT for DOS or with the command FDISK/MBR (assuming that the virus has not altered the partition table in any way). If the virus is of a type that infects the boot sectors of disk partitions - such as Form - the disinfection may prove difficult. If the hard disk contains a DOS partition and the virus has infected its boot sector, the disinfection can normally be executed with the DOS version of an anti-virus program. The DOS command SYS C: should not be used in disinfection - it creates a new boot sector and system files, but these are different from the ones used by Windows NT. If the virus has infected the boot sector of a partition using the NTFS file system, it must be disinfected manually. A disk editor, such as Norton Disk Editor, may prove a valuable aid in the process. With such an editor, it is possible to write a clean boot sector over the infected one. The virus may have relocated the original, clean boot sector to some other part of the hard disk. Even if the virus has not bothered to store the original boot sector, a copy of it may be found in the middle of the NTFS partition; Windows NT makes such a copy when it formats the partition for its own use. However, this apparently does not hold true for all environments, so it is best to play it safe and copy the boot sector on a diskette. The boot sector of an NTFS partition is located on the first sector of the first track - in the same place where DOS, also, stores its boot sector. When the boot sector has been disinfected in one way or another, the computer can again be booted from the hard disk. NT should function normally, provided the virus has not damaged the files on the hard disk. All in all, Windows NT provides relatively good protection against file viruses, as long as users are given write rights only to the files and directories where such rights can be considered necessary. When it comes to boot sector viruses, the situation is not so good. The disinfection of boot sector viruses can in some cases become quite complicated, and therefore it is a good idea to prevent diskette boots directly from the computers' BIOS, when and if that is possible.

Viruses and Windows 95


The soon-to-be-published Microsoft Windows 95 introduces new characteristics to the field of anti-virus activities. Although there have been rumors that the virus threat will be eliminated when Windows 95 comes along, these are, for the most part, insubstantial. In fact, almost all current viruses will be able to function with Windows 95. Boot sector viruses will be able to infect both hard disk Main Boot Records and the boot sectors of disk partitions quite normally. However, the viruses will not be able to spread to diskettes normally after the initial infection. When Windows 95 is started, it usually loads a 32-bit disk access system. If, on the other hand, the computer has been infected by a boot sector virus, Windows 95 is shunted to using 16-bit disk access system. In spite of this, some parts of the 32-bit access systems are loaded, and this prevents boot sector viruses from spreading to diskettes. This does not mean that the viruses can be safely left on the disk, however, because they are still able to activate and cause damage. The infection should be removed when it is detected. It should be noted that if the user has set the 16-bit disk access on from the Windows 95 Control Panel, the viruses will be able to spread to diskettes quite normally. Boot sector viruses that use DOS interrupts to infect diskettes will not be able function under Windows 95 - the operating system's kernel takes command over all DOS interrupts, thus preventing viruses from using them. Although Microsoft's own anti-virus program will not be supplied with Windows 95, Windows 95 is capable of detecting a boot sector infection by itself. Check the lower half of the Performance page in Control Panel's System program - it may contain a warning about a MS-DOS -compatible disk access state and a possible virus infection. Since this warning is not repeated anywhere else, it is easy for a user to overlook. File viruses, on the other hand, are able to function under Windows 95 almost as well as under DOS itself. The main difference is that the viruses are only able to spread themselves inside DOS windows opened from Windows 95. This holds true only for the present viruses, however - it is likely that we will soon see viruses written expressly for Windows 95, capable of exploiting its characteristics. Since Windows 95 is technically quite different from earlier versions of Windows, only few currently known Windows viruses will be able to function under it. Disinfection of Viruses During installation, Windows 95 asks whether the user wants to create an utility diskette from which the computer can be booted afterwards. It is recommendable to take the program up on its offer, for without such an utility diskette it may prove difficult to disinfect certain boot sector viruses - especially if no anti-virus program is immediately available at the time. Disinfection of Boot Sector Viruses In principle, boot sector viruses are disinfected in Windows 95 in quite the same way as in DOS. First, the computer must be booted from a clean diskette - this can be done with either the Windows 95 utility diskette created during installation, or a normal DOS boot diskette. After this, the virus can be disinfected by using an anti-virus program. If the computer is booted from the Windows 95 utility diskette, the disinfection procedure may in some cases be interrupted by a warning about direct disk access. This warning can usually be disabled by using Windows 95's own LOCK command, but it may sometimes prove necessary to boot the computer from a DOS boot diskette. After a DOS boot, the infection can be disinfected normally with F-PROT for DOS. As can be seen, it is worthwhile to hang onto an old DOS boot diskette even after switching to Windows 95. If no anti-virus program is immediately available, it is possible to attempt disinfection by using the operating system's own functions. This can be done with the command FDISK /MBR, which can be used both after a DOS- and a Windows 95 diskette boot. However, if the computer's hard disks cannot be accessed normally after a diskette boot, one should not attempt a FDISK/MBR disinfection. In such cases, the infecting virus has probably encrypted the hard disk's partition table - there are viruses that do this, among them the Stoned.Empire.Monkey viruses. Viruses that have infected the boot sector of a disk partition can be removed manually by using the Windows 95 utility diskette. After the diskette boot, the infection can be removed by simply giving the SYS C: command - this will cause the boot sector and system files to be rewritten on the hard disk. If the computer has been booted from a DOS boot diskette, the SYS C: command should not be used, because it will create a boot sector different from the boot sectors used by Windows 95. Disinfection of File Viruses First, the computer should be booted from a clean diskette just to be on the safe side. Windows 95 utility diskettes and DOS boot diskettes are both suitable for booting. After that, the viruses are disinfected just like in DOS.

The Global Virus Situation


The following viruses have been reported to be widespread in different parts of the world:

Buptboot


Buptboot is a boot sector virus, functionally typical of its kind, which infects the Main Boot Records of hard disks and boot sectors of diskettes. The virus contains the text "Welcome to BUPT 9146,Beijing!", which is why it is also known as Welcomeb. The only peculiarity in this virus is that it does not store the contents of the original boot sector anywhere. F-PROT is able to detect and remove the Buptboot virus.

Crazyboot


Crazyboot is also a boot sector virus, probably of Russian origin. Because of programming errors, Crazyboot corrupts some of the diskettes it infects. Every now and then the virus displays the following message: Don't PLAY with the PC ! Otherwise you will get in `DEEP,DEEP' trouble !... Crazy Boot Ver. 1.0 When Crazyboot infects a hard disk, it removes the disk's partition information from its correct place in the Main Boot Record. Because of this, one should not attempt to remove a Crazyboot infection with the FDISK /MBR command. F-PROT is able to detect the Crazyboot virus. Due to the above-mentioned relocation of partition information, special steps must be taken to remove the virus; in case of an infection, contact your local F-PROT distributor or F-PROT Support for further instructions.

Tai-Pan.438.B


Tai-Pan, originally a Swedish virus, has quickly managed to spread itself all over the world. It is now one of the most globally common file viruses. There are many different versions of Tai-Pan - two of these have been described in earlier update bulletins (issues 2.14 and 2.17). The latest discovered variant of Tai-Pan does not much differ from the original Tai-Pan.438; the changes it contains have apparently been added only in order to bypass some anti- virus program. The new variant has been found at least in Sweden and Finland. F-PROT is able to detect and remove the Tai-Pan.438.B virus.

Vienna.Bua


The Vienna.Bua virus is also known by various other names, such as Big Caibua, Bua, Butthead and Vienna.2279. During May 1995, this virus managed to spread through some BBS systems and ftp servers. The virus activates in the 5th of May, at which time displays a graphic phallus symbol on the screen. Later on, the virus tries to do damage by formatting the hard disk's zero track, removing the first file in a directory, creating subdirecto-ries with obscene names etc. Vienna.Bua contains the following text strings, hidden under a layer of encryption: RABID is Actually NAMBLA. Go figure High Evolutionary Sucks BIG CAIBUA! You bastardize code, I bastardize it again! F... You! Difference is you cocksucker, I can actually program in assembler. Read about it in VSUM! btw, Patty, Howabouts ya lick my BIG CAIBUA? Oh, And John, Just in case you think I forgot your sorry ass. The next one is for you!!! Muhahahahahahahahahaha!!!! O.J. IS GUILTY!! Tempest, Live for yourself. You do not know what love is yet. wait, it will come. No worries. F-PROT is able to detect and remove the Vienna.Bua virus.

Zarm


Reported by Herve Carette, DataRescue sprl, Belgium Zarm is a memory-resident self-encrypt-ing COM and EXE infector. It was found in France during May 1995. Zarm is a stealth virus that intercepts interrupt 21h's functions 11h, 12h, 31h, 3Dh, 4Eh, 4Fh, 4Ch, and 6Ch to mask its presence in an infected system. The virus hooks int 3 to its own decryption routine. This routine then decrypts a second decryptor on the stack. Once the virus has installed itself in memory, it uses also int 1Dh - normally a pointer to some video information - as a gateway for calling the original int 21h. A new int 1Ch (timer) handler is installed. It plays with the display controller, effectively shaking the picture on a standard VGA display. In addition to its other qualities, Zarm is also a retro-virus: it is able to deactivate VSAFE, VDEFEND and VWATCH. The virus contains the following text: ZARMA-VIR by T. Power *** Claudia Schiffer Lives !!!.. Because of this text, Zarm is also known as T_Power.Zarma.

Byway


In the summer of 1995 a new virus using cluster techniques was found and named as Byway. It uses similar methods with spreading as the DIR-II virus family. When the user executes an infected program in a clean machine, the virus creates a hidden file to the root directory on drive C. The file is 2048 bytes long and its name is CHKLISTx.MS. The "x" in the name of the virus is ASCII character 255. Microsoft Anti-Virus uses almost the same name for its checksum file, apparently the virus author wanted to make the user believe that the new file is the MSAV's file. Byway reserves 3216 bytes of memory for itself. When it infects a file, it changes FAT to point to the virus' code instead of the beginning of the file. When user runs an infected program, the virus executes its own file and only after that starts the program user originally wanted to run. F-PROT detects the Byway virus.

News in Short



Michelangelo.A on Driver Diskettes


The dangerous Michelangelo virus has been found on Emulex DCP- 286 driver diskettes. These diskettes are in worldwide circulation. Luckily enough, the infected diskettes were all of the old 5.25" type - all 3.5" driver diskettes checked out clean. Emulex Inc has informed its distributors of the matter and will supply new diskettes on request.

PKZIP-Trojans on the Move


Not just one, but a couple of new Trojan Horses claiming to be the latest versions of the PKZIP program have been discovered recently. Actually, the latest version of PKZIP is still 2.04g.

Common Questions and Answers


If you have questions about information security or virus prevention, contact your local F-PROT distributor. You can also contact F-Secure directly in the number 350-0-478 444. Written questions can be mailed to: F-Secure Ltd F-PROT Support Päiväntaite 8 FIN-02210 ESPOO FINLAND. Questions can also be sent by electronic mail to: Internet: F-PROT@F-Secure.com X.400: S=F-PROT, OU1=DF, O=elma, P=inet, A=mailnet C=fi After I installed the F-PROT Gatekeeper software, my computer took to crashing every time Windows is started. The crash takes place in the middle of Gatekeeper's memory check - nothing will happen after 62% of memory has been checked. My computer is an ordinary 486 microcomputer with an S3 display adapter. How can I fix this problem? The problem is caused by the display adapter and its drivers. Certain display adapters and their drivers reserve a part of the computer's memory exclusively to themselves, preventing other programs from even reading the area. The consequence is that the computer will hang when the area is read; F-PROT for Windows will also hang during the memory check in a similar situation. The problem can be solved by preventing Gatekeeper and F-PROT from checking the memory are in question. A way to do this has been described in the chapter 2.2.6 of F-PROT Gatekeeper's manual. Another way is to use the following table: Segment Percentage 00 0% 01 6% 02 13% 03 18% 04 25% 05 31% 06 37% 07 43% 08 50% 09 56% 0a 62% 0b 68% 0c 75% 0d 81% 0e 87% 0f 93% F-PROT Gatekeeper, like F-PROT Professional for Windows, uses the F-PROTW.INI configuration file located in the computer's Windows directory. By adding the line AreaStatusMemorySegment=1 under the header [MemoryScan] in this file, both programs can be instructed to leave a certain memory segment unchecked. In this case, the computer hangs when F-PROT Gatekeeper has checked 62% of memory. Therefore, the problem can be solved by adding the following lines to the F-PROTW.INI file: [MemoryScan] AreaStatus0a=1 F-PROTW.INI can hold multiple AreaStatus statements. I noticed a virus infection in my hard disk's Main Boot Record, and disinfected it immediately by using F-PROT. However, when I restarted my computer, the infection appeared again. Why? Apparently, you did not boot the computer from a clean diskette before attempting disinfection. A clean diskette boot is crucial when dealing with boot sector viruses, for, if the computer is booted from the infected hard disk, the virus manages to load itself into memory and may infect the Main Boot Record again straight after it has been disinfected. This is one of the reasons why a computer should always be booted from a clean diskette before any disinfection attempt. When a boot diskette is created, it is important to make sure that the computer is, indeed, clear of viruses. If the computer happens to contain a virus, the diskette will very probably be infected immediately when it is inserted into the diskette drive - it will be worse than useless. Make sure that the computer is clean by checking the hard disk with F-PROT. A boot diskette is created with the FORMAT /S command. The /S parameter instructs the Format program to copy the system files to the formatted diskette. After formatting, it is also necessary to copy all the needed drivers to the diskette - for instance, SCSI hard disk drivers, keyboard drivers, network drivers and drivers needed by possible disk compression programs. It is also worthwhile to equip the diskette with DOS's own Format, Fdisk and Sys programs. After the necessary drivers have been copied, the start files AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS should be created on the diskette. The easiest way to do that is to copy the start files from the hard disk and edit them to be suitable for a diskette boot - the statements in these files must point to the programs on the diskette, otherwise an infected program on the hard disk may be executed during the boot-up. After the boot diskette has been created, it should always be kept write-protected, to ensure that viruses will not get the chance to infect it at any time. Then, when and if a virus infection is detected in the computer, the computer must be booted from the clean boot diskette before any disinfection attempt. After the boot, F-PROT should also be executed from diskette - the disinfection can then be performed quite normally. The F-PROT diskette should be kept in the drive for as long as the disinfection takes. F-PROT may have to load virus search strings from the database on the diskette during the disinfection operation. After the infection on the hard disk has been taken care of, all diskettes used in the computer should also be checked. If the computer has been infected with a boot sector virus, the infection has very probably spread to all non-write protected diskettes used in the computer. The best way to take care of the checking operation is to copy F-PROT to the hard disk, execute it from there and use it to check the diskettes.

Changes in F-PROT Professional version 2.19



Changes in F-PROT for DOS



The following false alarms have been fixed:


3FD.EXE Possibly a new variant of Grog FLOS.EXE Possibly a new variant of Trivial LOCKSYSS.COM Possibly a new variant of AstraSYS OPENING.SYS Possibly a new variant of Taz PENTEST.COM Possibly a new variant of Quiet SWMP.EXE Fish_6 (Virstop) TRAPBIG.COM Possibly a new variant of Three_Tunes TRAPINT.COM Possibly a new variant of Three_Tunes

Minor Improvements and Changes


Since the symbol "=" caused problems in BAT file arguments, we now allow the command line parameter /REPORT=filename to be written also in the form /REPORT:filename.

Changes in F-PROT for Windows


F-PROT Gatekeeper settings buttons in the Protection Preferences dialog were disabled if the "Show Virus Names" checkbox was left unchecked. This has been corrected. When a boot sector disinfection attempt was made on a write- protected diskette, F-PROT for Windows added an error message to the report and the operation failed. Now it shows a message box with the text "Error: Write-protected diskette in drive A:", and gives the user the chance to remove the write protection and retry the operation. F-PROT for DOS works the same way. In reports, longer virus descriptions used to be shown on single continuous lines where "|" symbols stood for supposed line separators. Now such descriptions are shown properly on multiple lines.

New Viruses Detected by F-PROT


The following 18 viruses are now identified, but can not be removed as they overwrite or corrupt infected files. Some of them were detected by earlier versions of F-PROT, but not identified accurately. Burger.398 Burma.756 Dual_GTM.1436 Dual_GTM.1446 Dual_GTM.1528 Dual_GTM.1643 HLLO.7227 HLLO.41714 Itti.162 Kode_4_over.131 Leprosy.loard Sandra.1356 Trivial.50.A Trivial.50.B Trivial.84 Trivial.100 Trivial.127 VCL.Mindless.423.H The following 89 new viruses can now be removed. Many of them were detected by earlier versions, but are now identified accurately. _385 _419 _998 _3128 A-OD Ambulance.795 Anticad.2900.ABT.C AntiCMOS.C Apparition Avalanche.2818 Beda.883 Beda.1301 Cascade.1701.AJ Cyberloard Dark_Avenger.2000.Dieyoung.C Datafire Die.666 EAF.656 Equals.1448 Equus Father_Mac.269.B Future Gidra.505 Ginger.2351 Hafenstrasse.1640 HLL.4629 HLL.Mercury HLLC.8902 Holiday.3000 IMI.1536.G IQ Jerusalem.1808.EVg Jerusalem.Fu_Manchu.E Jerusalem.Pipi.1552.B Jolter Judge Khiznjak.306 Khiznjak.711 Kode_4.285 Larry.497 Lockjaw.518 Lokinator.971 Lost_Geek.734 MMIR.393 Marian.700 Mirage.1322 Mirea.737 Moonlight MZV Nchc Nightfall.4480 Nightfall.4518 Nightfall.4519 Npox.1487 Npox.1726 OOP Override.1280 Polifemo.736 PS-MPC.Skeleton.556 PS-MPC.Skeleton.590 Ranger Riot.Carpe_Diem.1354 Seagull Shirley.E SillyC.122 SillyC.190.B SillyC.281 SillyCR.403 SillyCR.710 Sol.545 Sol.557 Sofia_Term.1369 SVC.1689.G Svin Swas Tai-Pan.438.B Tabulero.B Tea That Trakia.1320 Vampiro.A Vampiro.B Vampiro.C Vienna.767 VLAD.653 VLAD.655 VLAD.2042 X-Fungus.1483 The following 31 new viruses are now detected and identified but can not yet be removed. Antigus Australian_Parasite.254 BW.708 Caustic Cowabunga Dementia Earle Father_Mac.306.B G_World Green Ha!.1224.B Hello.365 JVW.893 Mickie NRLG.713 NRLG.750 NRLG.752 NRLG.872 Radiation Ratboy.513 Ratboy.545 Ratboy.671 RTL Sign Slovakia_II Tiawan TT Uniq.308 Vice.1197 VLAD.696 Zarm The following 2 new viruses are now detected, but not identified. F-PROT will just report the family name with a (?) or report the virus as a "New or modified variant", as it is not yet able to determine which variant it is dealing with. Disinfection of these viruses is not yet possible. Byway Manzon The following 7 viruses which were identified by earlier versions can now be removed. 5lo Die_Hard Dream Jerusalem.Zerotime.Australian.A Jerusalem.Zerotime.Australian.B Jerusalem.Zerotime.Australian.C Sayha The following viruses have been renamed: _1376 -> Quicky Media -> Markt Stanco -> HLL.Stanco

Voodoo -> HLL.Voodoo


F-PROT Professional 2.19 Update Bulletin


F-Secure Ltd, Paivantaite 8, FIN-02210 ESPOO, Finland Tel. +358-0-478 444, Fax +358-0-478 44 599, E-mail: f-prot@datafellows.fi This material can be freely quoted in Europe, Africa and Asia when the source, F-PROT Professional Update Bulletin 2.19 is mentioned.

Copyright (c) 1995 F-Secure Ltd.


F-PROT Professional Support < f-prot@datafellows.fi >

. .